Month: May 2013

The Biggest and Most Detailed Guide on – Income Tax Return Filing FAQ’s (ITR)

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Do you have some doubt on Income Tax Return Filing Process or some question whose answer you are not getting anywhere? This post might be the end of your struggle.

Few weeks back, we ran a survey and asked investors to send us their queries and doubts on Income Tax Return Filing, whatever it may be. We then picked up some of the most asked and common doubts which investors face and thought of creating this comprehensive guide which will act like the bible to your ITR related queries.

income tax guide

Nobody in this world likes the annual exercise of filing Income Tax Return. Yet due to legal responsibility, everybody has to file his Income Tax Return. Now before understanding the Income Tax Return filing, let’s understand few common things first, which will help you to resolve your queries on ITR.

1. Permanent Account Number (PAN)

Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a ten-digit alphanumeric number, issued in the form of a laminated card, by the Income Tax Department, to any “person” who applies for it or to whom the department allots the number without an application. PAN enables the department to link all transactions of the “person” with the department.

These transactions include tax payments, TDS/TCS credits, returns of Income/wealth/gift/FBT, specified transactions, correspondence, and so on. PAN, thus, acts as an identifier for the “person” with the tax department.

A typical PAN is AFZPK7190K

First three characters i.e. “AFZ” in the above PAN are alphabetic series running from AAA to ZZZ
Fourth character of PAN i.e. “P” in the above PAN represents the status of the PAN holder.

  • “P” stands for Individual,
  • “F” stands for Firm,
  • “C” stands for Company,
  • “H” stands for HUF,
  • “A” stands for AOP, “T” stands for TRUST etc.

Fifth character i.e. “K” in the above PAN represents first character of the PAN holder’s last name/surname.

Next four characters i.e. “7190” in the above PAN are sequential number running from 0001 to 9999.

Last character i.e. “K” in the above PAN is an alphabetic check digit. (More Details on PAN)

PAN CARD

2. Tax Deduction Account Number (TAN)

TAN or Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number is a 10 digit alpha numeric number required to be obtained by all persons who are responsible for deducting or collecting tax. It is compulsory to quote TAN in TDS/TCS return (including any e-TDS/TCS return), any TDS/TCS payment challan and TDS/TCS certificates. (More Details on TAN)

3. Financial Year

In India, the Financial Year is defined as a period starting from 1st April of a Calendar Year & ending on 31st March of the next immediate Calendar year. All the income earned by a tax assessee has to be accounted for segregation on the basis of dates in different Financial Years.

4. Assessment Year

The applicable Assessment Year for a given Financial Year is the next +1 year. For example, if a FY is 2012-2013, the relevant AY ‘ll be 2013-2014. All the income earned by you in a FY and taxes paid by you in that FY ‘ll be assessed only in the relevant AY.

5. Form-16

It’s the statement of your yearly income provided by your employer to you after the end of FY. This includes your gross income, deductions claimed by you, net income, tax liability there on, Tax deducted by your employer, any tax liability or refund.

The most important thing to be remember in form 16 is the TAN of your employer should be written clearly & so do your own PAN.

6. Form-16A

Form 16 is issued by the Tax deducting authority where the TDS is applied on your investments (say FD in banks) or non salary cases. Say TDS applied by tenant against rent paid to landlord. Here again TAN & PAN quotation is must.

7. Types of Income

As per Income Tax Act 1961, the income can be classified only under the following heads.

1. Income From Salary or Pension

2. Income from House Property – Rental Income

3. Income from Business or Profession – Say Income to a Doctor or an Agent or Advocate or a Shopkeeper

4. Income from Capital Gains – Income arising out of sell of capital assets like Property, Gold, Art, Coins, Mutual Fund Units, Equity, Precious stones

5. Income from other sources – Any income which can not be classified in the previous 4 categories, comes under this head. Interest income, winning amount in Lottery or Quiz show (example KBC), Horse racing winning, Amount received as Gift from non relatives are some examples.

Now from the above list you can identify that you are having at least 2-3 income sources. Income Tax Deptt. has created different types of Income Tax Return Forms for the combination of different income sources.

Before Discussing Income Tax Return Forms, let’s discuss Income Tax Return itself.

8. What is the importance of Income Tax Return

If your income exceeds the zero tax limits, it’s mandatory for you to file an Income Tax return. During your income earning in the whole FY, there may be a situation that the tax deducted from you is more than the actual liability or there are some losses or deductions which you could not claim during the income earning phase or you paid less tax than the actual liability.

In all such case, you can only save yourself by filing an Income Tax Return. Actually your Income Tax Return form is the account statement of your income, tax liability there on & the tax paid by you. If there is excess tax payment, you ‘ll get refund. If the paid tax is less than your tax liability you w’d have to pay the difference amount.

Below is the official version for Income Tax Return filing essentially.

“The filing of income tax/wealth-tax return is a legal obligation of every person whose total income and wealth tax during the previous year exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income tax or wealth tax under the provisions of I.T.

Act, 1961 or Wealth Tax Act 1957, as the case may be. The return should be furnished in the prescribed form on or before the due date(s). Penalty of Rs. 5000 is imposable for non-filing of return within the assessment year.

Interest is also chargeable for non-filing or late filing.”

Watch this video to know why you should file income tax return:

9. Types of Income Tax Assessees

As there are multiple source & types of Income, so are types of Income Tax Assessees. Here are few examples –

  • Individual
  • Hindu Undivided Family
  • Firm
  • Limited Liability Partnership
  • Association of Persons
  • Company
  • Trust
  • Body of Individuals
  • Artificial Judicial Person
  • Local Authority

10. Types of Income Tax Return Forms

On the basis of the income combinations as well as Assessee types as discussed above, the Income Tax Deptt. has issued multiple Income Tax Return forms. these are numbered as ITR-1, ITR-2 ……. ITR-7.

Here is a table to understand the combinations of types Incomes for Individual Assesses & the applicable ITR form. Please do note, ITR-5, ITR-6 & ITR-7 are used by assesses other than Individuals & HUFs, hence not discussed here to keep this matter relevant for general public & common Individual assessee.

which ITR form to be filled

Majority of common individual tax payers fall in ITR-1 & ITR-2 category.

11. Online & Offline filing of Income Tax Return

The Income Tax Department is slowly transforming itself. Earlier all the returns were only offline mode. First non Individual & non HUF ITRs were made online filing compulsory. After that for Individuals & HUFs having income more than 10L Rs. were made online filing compulsory.

Now From AY 2013-2014, the income limit has been reduced to 5L Rs. for online filing. So we can safely assume that from next AY i.e. 2014-2015, the online return filing ‘ll be compulsory for each & every tax payer.

12. How to file online ITR

It’s quite easy. Now a days, a person can e-file either self by logging into the official site of e-filing. Apart from this, there are many other private online portals who are helping you to e-file your ITR. (Taxsmile, Taxspanner, Taxyogi, Cleartax are few examples)

Frequency asked doubts on Income Tax Return Filing

We hope that you are very clear about the basic information which every tax payer should be aware about. Now lets see some of the most commonly asked questions on Tax Filing. We collected these questions from one of our surveys and just categorized them into 13 questions. Here are they –

1. I forget (or could not produce in time) to claim HRA/Savings/Home Loan/LTC/Medical Bills etc from my employer. What to do?

Please relax. For all such cases, where either you could not claim on time or forget all together, your return filing is the time to tell the Income Tax department about the same & now you can claim the refund for the excess tax deducted from you. Note that the declaration given to employer is just to make sure that your TDS cut by employer is inline with your plans in a financial year. Incase something does not match, It can be finally done at the time of tax returns filing.

2. Where should I produce Bills/papers/receipts of the things related to Q. 1 above

Please do note that current ITR forms are ‘annexure less’ forms. Which means, that you need not produce any support documents to the Income Tax Department at the time of filing. Just keep the documents safely with you, so that you can produce the same if Income Tax people demand it from you in future. Documentation should be surely done by you, because incase there is a scrutiny case in future, you should have to documentary evidence.

3. I could not file my previous years income tax return on time or forget it .

It happens ! . There are penalty provisions if you do not file your due Income Tax Return on time. To correct the mistake, please file a delayed return now if you have not filed the previous years return. For ITRs related to previous years, please take help of a Tax professional to do the same. Filing late is better than not filing at all. Just contact a CA or tax filing portals, and they will be able to help you. Read this article on Late Tax Filing for clarity

4. I did not get the refund order/cheque . What to do ?

First check your refund status here. In case your refund status is available as cheque issued & the same is not received by you. Please contact at the E-mail or Phone nos. in the shared link. Also you read this article on how to Check your Income tax refund status online & Learn how to use RTI

5. I received the Refund cheque but I misplaced it/delivered at wrong address/wrong bank account number.

A lot of these issues happens because the address you provided at the time of filing returns years back is not the same where you are residing now, and the cheque goes back. For all such cases, you should contact your Jurisdictional Assessing Officer for offline filed ITR or CPC Bangalore for online filed ITRs. For online filed ITR, there is a link within your login window for Refund Reissue Request, use this for refund reissue.

6. How can I calculate my tax liability arising out of capital gains

Relax. You just need to punch in the required data in the excel sheet for ITR e-filing available at the e-filing portal. The sheet ‘ll calculate your tax liability on it’s own. Or you can refer to this article which will guide you on how to calculate capital gains.

7. How can I pay my due taxes as per calculation done by me or ITR excel sheet

Paying your due taxes is very easy. There are 2 ways to it. a)  Use your net-banking account . b) Use the Official Portal . Please do note for self payment of Income tax, the applicable challan number is 280.

8. I fall in 20-30% tax slab. Bank deducted TDS @ 10%. Should I pay more Tax

The answer is yes. Bank has merely done it’s legal responsibility. Your Tax liability is more than the work done by bank. So please calculate your actual tax liability by adding the interest income into your gross income & pay your due taxes. Here is a full article on TDS related issues. 

9. I forget to put in some data or wrong data was put in during my original return filing. How to rectify it ?

No problem, you can file a revised return to rectify these mistakes. The revised return can be filed before the assessment year is over for your original filed return. Here one important point is that the original return must be filed within due date. Just note this point, that if you have filed your returns and if there are any issues or errors, you can always file a revised return later.

10. I own a house in the same city & reside in a rented accommodation. Can I claim HRA & Home loan benefit simultaneously ?

The answer is YES. If you are actually residing on rent due to your Job or any other issues & the home loan house is also in the same city, you can claim both HRA as well as Home Loan benefits. Read this article for more on this

11. I was earning salary earlier. But now there is no income due to break or because I have become NRI with no Indian Income. Should I still file my ITR for zero income ?

The answer is no. if you do not have income or income is within the zero tax slab, you need not file your ITR. Yes in case, some TDS was there, you w’d have to file your ITR to claim the refund of this TDS amount..

12. My wife is a home maker & investing small money into direct Equity & earning some income. Which ITR should she use ?

First of all make sure her income is under zero tax slab or more than it. In case she is earning more than zero tax slab, she should file her ITR. Now the quantity of trades done by her to earn that income ‘ll decide the applicability of ITR. In normal situations, such earning ‘ll be Capital gains (Here it’s assume that gains are short term in nature due to holding less than 1Y) & she should use ITR-2.

For a very high quantity of trading activities, the applicable form ‘ll be ITR-3.

13. I worked with 2 employers in a FY. How to handle & file my ITR ?

First of all please collect form 16 from both of your employers. Now consolidate the income from both employers & check for an pending tax to be paid. Pay it now. Once all this is over, please file your ITR.

We hope all your queries about income tax return filing is solved in this article. If not, please post your doubts over comment section.

This article is contributed by Ashal Jauhari . A key member of Jagoinvestor community and a Tax expert . He writes on his blog here

SBI MaxGain Home Loan Review – With FAQ’s

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

In this article we are going to share SBI Maxgain Home Loan review with you. Now a days many home loan borrowers are opting a particular type of home loan from State Bank of India which is called Max Gain because it has many advantages compared to other kind of home loan scheme’s. In this SBI Max Gain home loan, an Overdraft (OD) account is assigned to the customer’s home loan & any amount parked by customer is treated as loan repayment for the purpose of interest calculation, for the days, the amount stays there in that OD account. As on date following banks are offering similar types of home loan to their customers. I would like to thank to Mr. VKS Nathan who gave the Idea of this article.

sbi maxgain home loan review

SBI, IDBI, CITI, HSBC & Standard Chartered. Punjab National Bank can also be added in this list but it’s offering a combo of normal loan + Overdraft. In this article, we are going to discuss only SBI Max Gain as in OD linked home loan, the maximum business is with SBI & the most discussed topic on Jagoinvestor Forum is also related to SBI Max Gain Scheme

What is an Overdraft account?

Before we discuss Max Gain, first understand, what is an Over Draft Account? All of us are well aware of functioning of an ordinary saving bank (SB) account. Here account operates between zero to positive & positive to zero. As we deposit our money, it’s used by bank & we get interest on our money from bank. In case of an OD account, bank first ask for a security & then assign a credit limit on the basis of the market value of that security. This security may be Fixed Deposits, Insurance Policies, National Saving Certificates, Shares, Mutual Fund units, house/commercial property etc. Now when we are using this assigned credit limit, the amount is going from zero to negative zone & when we are repaying, it’s coming from negative to zero. As we are using bank’s money in this case, the interest ‘ll be paid by us to bank. That’s how an OD account works.

So what is the correlation between Max Gain home loan & Over Draft account?

For Max Gain borrowers, State bank of India opens an Over Draft account where the Credit limit as discussed above is equal to the loan value assigned to the borrower. Here underlying security is the home you have purchased or constructed from that loan amount. Now as & when you are parking any surplus amount into this OD account, the parked amount is treated as payment towards loan (effectively you are bringing down your loan liability from negative towards zero position) and thus the interest ‘ll be charged only on the difference amount i.e. total loan amount – parked surplus amount.

What is the primary benefit of SBI Max Gain Scheme?

Well the primary benefit of MG is to keep your liquidity intact & still bringing down your interest outgo. To understand it better, please imagine a situation you are running a home loan of 30L Rs. & now you do have 2L Rs. with you to prepay. In normal home loan, your 2L Rs. ‘ll be accepted by bank & adjusted towards home loan & your amount is gone forever so no liquidity for you of that 2L Rs. amount. On the other hand, if you are MG customer, simply park those 2L Rs. in your MG account & your interest outgo ‘ll be lower from that month itself till those 2L Rs. or a part of it is there as surplus in MG account.

What is Drawing Power ?

Drawing Power is nothing but your as on date actual outstanding loan amount. Before final disbursal or start of loan repayment, it’s your sanctioned loan amount. Once your EMI starts, it’s your as on date actual outstanding loan amount. Please check Image below, Drawing Power here is 1867053 Rs. as on date. (Click here to understand it better)

What is Available balance?

Before final disbursal, it’s the sum of undisbursed amount + parked surplus & post final disbursal, it’s your parked surplus amount which is available to withdraw. Please check Image below, Available Balance here is 1084177.72 Rs. as on date. (Click here to understand it better)

What is book balance?

It’s the adjusted loan amount arrived after deducting the Available Balance amount from Drawing Power. In your account statements it’s shown with a negative sign. Please check Image below, Book Balance here is  – 782875.28 Rs. as on date. (Click here to understand it better)

Is there any extra interest for Max Gain?

No, the interest for home loan is same in SBI be it for normal home loan or for Max Gain.

I’m an existing SBI home loan customer. Can I convert my old term loan to Max Gain?

Yes, you can. Please contact your loan serving branch or RACPC for the required paperwork to be done. This may be an outdated info so please do check with your loan serving branch for current day rules on conversion.

I have taken the Max Gain for an Under Construction Property. Can I park surplus amount to save on interest outgo?

The answer is yes & no both. Yes you can park your surplus during under construction phase but do remember SBI is disbursing partially at this juncture & in case due to any emergency you want to liquidate your surplus, SBI ‘l not allow the same. so park only that much surplus, you feel you ‘ll not need even in an extreme emergency.

If I’m parking some money on monthly basis or in lump sum, will my loan term come down or EMI go down?

No. Neither your EMI ‘ll come down nor your loan term. The only saving is in terms of interest outgo. To understand it better, Let’s assume a test case of loan amount 30L Rs. @ 10% Rate of Interest for 20Y term. The normal EMI for these nos. ‘ll be 28951 Rs. The break up of your EMI for first month ‘ll be 25000 Rs. interest & 3951 Rs. for principal repayment.
Now if you do have 2L Rs. surplus in the very first month & prepay the same as below –

Case – 1 Normal home loan

Your 2L Rs. is gone & outstanding loan amount ‘ll come to 2796049 & interest outgo ‘ll still be 25000 Rs. but the no. of months ‘ll come down from original 240 to 198 months.

Case – 2 Max Gain home loan

Your 2L Rs. are parked in that OD account & the interest for the very first month ‘ll be calculated on 28L Rs. & thus it ‘ll be 23334 & thus there‘ll be an interest saving of 1667 Rs. which‘ll remain available in your OD account as surplus along with your parked surplus 2L Rs. so for next month, the parked surplus amount ‘ll be 201667 Rs.

Please do note in case 2 above, Your loan term is still 240 months but the saving of interest ‘ll keep on increasing on mly basis from the parked surplus & of course the liquidity of those 2L Rs. is there.

How can I calculate my saving in Max Gain?

To know your actual saving, first of all please demand a loan amortization schedule from your loan serving branch & now for each month compare the scheduled interest outgo as per your loan amount. schedule & the actual interest outgo.

What should I do to maximize the savings in Max Gain?

If you are paying your EMIs from SBI’s SB account, you can maximize your benefits. How? here it goes. Say 15th is the EMi date on which EMi amount is debited from your SB acct. Now in a normal home loan, people ‘ll keep at least 2-3 months’ EMI amount as buffer in SB account. but in case of Max Gain, you do not need to keep buffer in SB account. Keep this buffer amount also in your MG account along with your routine surplus amount. now use the power of net-banking of SBI for your own good & create a schedule transaction of your EMI amount 28951 Rs. (in the above example) to be transferred on 13th of every month from MG account to SB account. At a time you can schedule for next 12 months by using standard instruction. So it’s technology that’s helping you.

I can transfer to MG account from my existing net-banking enabled SB account but reverse is not happening. why?

The answer lies in the fact that Net-banking transaction rights on your MG account is not enabled yet by your loan serving branch. if final disbursal is done, you can apply for transaction rights. if only partial disbursement has been done, sorry, you can’t apply for transaction rights till final disbursal.

Is it mandatory to purchase property insurance & life insurance along with Max Gain?

Having property insurance as well as sufficient life insurance is compulsory but purchasing the same from SBI’s sister cos. like SBI General ins. & SBI Life ins. is not at all mandatory. if you feel that policies are being cross sold to you to exploit your position (home loan seeker), please contact the AGM of your local RACPC where your loan application is under processing.

Is SBI charging higher processing fee for Max Gain?

No, as on date there is no differentiation in fee for term loan & Max Gain but SBi reserves the rights to charge different fee.

Can I claim section 80C principal repayment benefit for the surplus amount parked in Max Gain?

The answer is NO. Only the regular principal repaid by you from your EMI as part of your loan amortization schedule is available for tax benefit under section 80C. the parked surplus amount is liquid money & you can withdraw it any time, hence it’s not considered as actual repayment of loan & thus not eligible for tax benefit.

Can I avail cheque book & ATM card for my Max Gain account?

Yes, as & when you‘ll demand these, SBI ‘ll offer you the same. In case you are already holding an SBI SB acct. linked ATM card, you have the option to link your MG acct. also with this existing ATM card.

Can I enroll my MF SIPs in Max Gain?

Yes but do note, there should be a surplus balance i.e. available balance on the date of SIP, else your ECS or SI mandate ‘ll bounce.

Can i pay for my utility bills, credit card payments, online shopping from Max Gain?

Yes, you can do all this & more. In fact it’s in your best interest that you treat your MG account as your primary money parking account & route all your transactions through it so that money is lying there for maximum possible time & thus helping you to bring down your interest outgo.

I used my MG account ATM card to withdraw cash from other bank’s ATM & I was charged the money very first time in the month. Why?

The reason is, as per RBI’s circular 5 transactions on other banks’ ATM are free only for SB account & in this case, you forget the point that your MG account is not SB account. it’s an overdraft account.

For an imaginary situation, my loan amount is 30L Rs. & parked surplus amount is also 30L Rs. Does it mean, my loan is closed & I can claim my property papers from SBI?

No, your loan is not closed. Only interest outgo ‘ll become zero & EMi ‘ll remain continue as it is. Yes the interest part of your EMI ‘ll keep on accumulating in your MG account. If you want to close your loan at this point, you w’d have to inform SBI in written & now SBI ‘ll adjust your parked surplus amount towards the outstanding loan amount. you ‘ll lose the liquidity of your money but loan ‘ll be over & now you can get your property papers back.

How can I transfer my loan from other banks to SBI Max Gain?

For loan transfer, first of all contact your existing lender & ask for following things.

  • Loan Account statement from day one.
  • List of Documents, which were submitted by you at the time of availing original loan. In day to day language of bankers, it’s called LOD.
  • As on date outstanding loan balance with applicable interest, penalty & any other fee to close the loan.

Now contact, the nearest SBI Branch (if you do have an existing SB account with SBI, it’s advisable to contact there for ease of operation). Inform in that branch that you want to transfer your loan from existing bank to SBI Max Gain. fill the application form, submit the necessary papers & SBI’s RACPC ‘ll do the back ground job.

Once SBI is ready to accept the transfer, it ‘ll issue you a sanction letter of the loan amount & ‘ll ask you to go for loan related agreement documentation work with SBI. If you are not having property insurance, SBI may ask to purchase one. Same ‘ll be the case for your life insurance. Once legal documentation is over, the cheque of the loan balance ‘ll be issued directly into the name of the bank in question. After the amount is credited to your existing bank, within next 20-30 days, you ‘ll get the original documents submitted by you, from the existing bank. Now you w’d have to submit these documents to SBI. In some states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, SBI may ask to go for registration of mortgage deed on your property in the office where your property was originally registered in your name. 

 

SBI Max Gain

Normal Home Loan

Liquidity of your part prepayments is there

No Liquidity. Money is gone for ever, once you prepay.

A bit complex to understand

Easy to understand

For people who can generate regular surplus amounts

For people who can only manage regular EMIs

 

Click here to know the real life example of Mr. Sudhir S for SBI Max Gain.

Do you feel, this article was able to answer your all queries related to SBI Max Gain? Was this article helpful for you to understand the overall concept of SBI Max Gain home loan? Please feel free to ask for more help

This article is written by Ashal Jauhari, who manages a great facebook group on investments and also is one of the most active and helpful member of our Jagoinvestor forum. This article was written by him and reproduced from this blog here

How Insurance Companies Work – The Ultimate Guide to understand their Business Model

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

I have written almost every possible article on Life Insurance and even Health Insurance, but strangely I still find a lot of investors asking questions which clearly shows that somehow, somewhere they do not understand what is the underlying business model of  insurance business and how are the products designed overall. Let me use simple stories and recreate some examples which will show you how things work in any insurance business. Lets move on ..

The concept of Insurance Business Model

I see a lot of people saying something like – “How can these companies offer 1 crore term plan by charging just a small premium of Rs 10,000. Its surely a racket!”

Then a lot of people still feel that insurance companies are cheats and they will not pay out when a claim arises, just to make sure that they do not have to pay a big amount from their pocket. I am not advocating any insurance company here, nor am I saying that I have a solution to your doubts. All I can do is share what insurance is all about. This should surely help you understand the business model of insurance companies and how they make money. You can then choose to trust the system or reject it. Note that In our 100moneyactions program we have one of the tasks as completing your life insurance and health insurance with basic support system, So if you have still not registered for it, do it now.

Insurance Centuries Back – Lets go back in History

Insurance as a concept, is not a new thing in this world. It’s been in existence for centuries. Let me start with story which will give you some idea about insurance business and its evolution. Long back, there were businessmen all over the world, who traveled from one country to another for doing trade and business . They sent their stocks, inventories and material across globe on boats and ships. A lot of times when they used to send their ship from Point A to Point B, it so happened, that some ship drowned and everything on the ship got wiped out.

And this happened 10% of the time on an average. Out of every 10 ships which started from Point A, only 9 reached the destination and one businessmen almost surely went bankrupt. So you can see that the certainty was about the loss of 1 ship, but there was uncertainty about “whose” ship it will be (just like there is certainty that one an average 1-2 person will die in a city in accident for sure, but who will it be is not sure) .

So all the businessmen started to think over the issue and they found the solution. They started collecting 10% worth of the stocks from each of them, collected it in a bag. When each of 10 businessmen did this, the bag was full of money which would compensate any ship owner who was the unlucky one and lost his ship. If there was no accident and all the 10 ships arrived safely at their destination, there was no issue at all. But when there was a ship lost, the whole bag of money was given to the one who was affected, which meant that he didn’t suffer other than temporary shock and resentment.

So now if you see closely, you can relate this with insurance. These businessmen were doing nothing but mutually insuring their risk by pooling in the money (premium) and then compensating the unlucky business man in case of a disastrous eventuality (sum assured equal to 1 ship worth).

Any ship owner, who did not wanted to participate in this (thinking he would loose that 10% money if his ship was safe), was free not to participate, but then he was just taking a huge risk of wiping out everything he owned and going bankrupt.

So you learnt – What is Insurance exactly !

So you are still not clear about the concept of insurance with this small but simple story? Let me now rephrase it in modern terms.

Insurance is all about transferring the risk to someone else, by paying a small cost called a premium. The person who runs the insurance business (for profit!), takes care of all the research and data which makes the business viable in long term. Let me attempt to build a simple (imaginative) job loss insurance business right in front of you.

Job Loss Insurance for Software Industry

Let’s say, I decide to launch an insurance product called “Job Loss Insurance” for IT professionals  . So, I research and find out that out of every 100 people in IT sector sector, 3 lose their job each year for some reason or the other, but then they are able to secure another job within 6 months (just an assumption). Now assuming that the average salary of a software professional is Rs 50,000 per month, it means that I can create a job loss insurance product which says –

“Pay a premium X each year and in case you lose your job, we will pay you 6 months salary to you, so that you can keep your mind cool and search for another job and pay your home loan EMI, children school fees and other commitments.”

Why am I suddenly feeling that some of the IT guys reading this really want this kind of product …

Anyways, so I know that out of 100 people, 3 people on an average will lose their jobs who would need 6 months of oxygen till they find another job (50k X 6 months = 3 lacs) . So, I would need 9 lacs  to pay all these 3 claims which will arise each year.  So now, I need a market of 100 people to whom I can pitch this product and generate 9 lacs of total money. Which means that I will have to price it as Rs 9,000 per person per year. In short 100 people will pool in Rs 9,000 and generate 9 lacs and then out of those 100 people, 3 will loose the job and file for a claim.

But wait, where is my profit ? I am not doing a charity ! Its a business for me ! . So for that reason, I will not charge Rs 9000, I will charge Rs 12,000 per year. So I keep a cool Rs 3 lacs as profit!

But , There is a problem …

Each year, its not that, only 3 out of 100 will loose the job! It could be 4 or 5 in some year and it can be 1 or 2 or even ZERO! in some other year. The 3/100 was just an average over long term . So while I know that a particular year can be very very bad or very very good, over a 10-20 yrs period, the average will be 3/100.

So, I will make sure that I keep sufficient capital with me before starting the business (what if in first year itself, there are 6 job losses out of 100). That’s the reason, why there are IRDA norms that a particular amount of net worth should be there with every insurance company before they get a licence and its called Solvency Ratio.

So now, based on their premium pricing strategy and overall experience in next many years, an insurance company is very profitable in long run (high probability) or they suffer a loss. That might explain, why most of the new insurance companies are in a loss at the moment (insurance is a long term business, very long term).

how does insurance company works and its business model

Premium Increase for some customers

Now a lot of people wonder, why insurance companies increase the premium for some customers (called as loading the premium) . Let me show you with same example.

Now as per my data research, There might be a category of IT guys who have a higher changes of 5/100 job loss and that one is Software Engineer whose company is not US based and they are into Embedded systems . So in short a IT guy who is into Embedded systems with a Non-US based company is more dangerous customer to me . While I will still give him insurance, but I cant charge him same premium like every other IT guy. So I would charge him not 12,000 per year, but 24,000 per year – because he is risky! .

While he might not get fired by his company, I am taking a very high risk against him and I deserve to be paid more, otherwise it does not make any business sense to me. Now if he hides this information from me and does not tell me before hand while filling up the form that he is working in embedded systems, that too with a company which is not US based (guys, just a random assumption, don’t take it seriously), should I be paying him any insurance money if he actually loses his job? the answer is rude NO. I can’t be emotional here and look at your tears! You cheated me, so you pay for it!

This might explain to you, why insurance companies apply loading, when you tell them you are a smoker, or you drink, or you are obese or you are working for the Army!. You are a high risk customer, and as per business rules, they will definitely increase your premium, even you will do the same, if you started up a insurance business. Wont you ?

Will company really pay me at the time of claim ?

Yes, it will. Because for you 1 crore at Rs 8,000 per year might look very absurd, its actually not . Because Insurance is a volume’s game. One individual case is not going to affect a company, because it was already factored in. It was known to happen. Thats why the premium was collected and you will be paid because thousands like you will NOT file for claim. My premiums might be used to pay your claims! . So Like in my example, when a person loses his job, I know that he is part of that small group which is surely going to lose his job. I will not be worried paying you 50,000 per month for next 6 months even if you paid me just 12,000 in a year. I know for sure, that the rest of the 97 people will not lose their jobs and I can surely pay you what you are insured for.

Amount Accumulates and grows into a big pool

If in the first year, less than 3 people lose the job, then I have extra money left at the end of the year and I can carry forward this money into future for those bad years when more than 3 people will lose the job. I can also invest this money, which will grow over time, and If I have done my research right, I am surely going to be profitable over long term.

But my research will be different than your research, you might find different kind of data, may look at the job loss data differently, may look at scenarios in other ways, which does not match my philosophy and hence you might charge Rs 15,000 per year and not 12,000 per year, or you can charge Rs 8,000 per year and not 12,000 per year like me.

Which explains why premiums are different for different companies.

Auto Insurance – They know all the data that if a car is older than X number of years, what the chances of it crashing into another one, and then how many premium makes the business viable and profitable.

Health Insurance – Health insurance companies know the data about the hospitalization charges, the probability of a person of certain age to get hospitalized in next X yrs and all those kinds of data. So when they price their policies, they are smarter than you. You might look at an individual case of yours and feel that you will profit from it (which can be the case), but surely its will not be a loss making proposition for the company either (over a long term, collectively).

Life Insurance – They know how many people out of 100, will die on an average in a year and within how many years. So if a big number of people pay for some years at least, it will be enough to pay the dead ones families.

Credit Card Insurance – There are insurance businesses around insuring credit cards. They know on an average out of 100 credit cards, how many are lost and on an average what is the loss amount. So they keep the premium such that they still make profits over a lot of customers.

Conclusion

I would like to conclude this article by telling you to understand the business model of insurance companies. Once you get it, suddenly all the doubts you had over years will go away. Insurance is a very strong concept which is a win-win model for the companies and for customers. At-least we used some stories and examples in this article which was just for illustration purpose and dont start arguing the data and numbers from examples 🙂 .

Are Gold Saving Schemes from jewelers really worth investing ?

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Are gold saving schemes by jewellers really a great investment option? There are huge number of people who become part of gold saving schemes offered by jewellers, assuming that they are amazing deals which they should not miss! There are few advantages and disadvantages about these gold saving schemes. It’s important to understand them before you invest in those.

Ankur asked this simple question on our jagoinvestor forum which triggered this article

Lately there are ads coming on TV abt this Golden harvest scheme (GHS) from Tanishq, where you pay for 11 months and the company will bear the installment for 12 month to buy Gold. Any reviews abt the scheme?

Gold Saving Schemes

1. Most of the schemes are plain money saving schemes

The way a lot of gold saving schemes project their plan is as if you are buying real gold each month, but majority of them are just plain money saving scheme where you deposit a fixed amount each month for X months and in the last month the jeweler deposits the “bonus” installment and then finally you use the money to buy the gold jewelery at the price prevailing at that time! Not at the gold price the time of joining the scheme! So in practice the whole scheme becomes like a recurring deposit where you deposit some money each month. The bonus installment deposited by jeweler makes sure you get a return around 8-10% on the overall installment.

2. You cant redeem Money

Unlike recurring deposits, you can’t use the money accumulated in gold saving schemes for any purpose. The gold saving schemes make it mandatory that you have to buy gold jewellery and only gold jewellery, not even gold bars or coins. So in case you need money for some other purpose, you can’t use it. But you will say that it’s fine, because at times you also are offered “Zero Making Charges” under these schemes, but you miss reading the terms and conditions which says that it’s only on selected designs and models. What if you do not want to buy those designs? In that case you have to pay the making charges which are applicable and what happens if the design and model which you like have much higher price than you have accumulated? In that case you have to shell out more money. The making charges which you will pay will cancel out the 8-10% returns which you make on the whole scheme.

3. Not as safe as Recurring Deposit

Now as you have understood that gold saving schemes deep down are just like a recurring deposit. However they are not as safe as a banks recurring deposit, for the simple reason that jewelers are not as strong financially as banks and some jewelers actually deposit the money they get in schemes in banks as fixed deposits only. Some jewelers might even be using the money for their operating expenses also.

4. Gold saving schemes are designed to guarantee future sales

If you look into the design of gold saving schemes, it’s clear that it’s a way to assure future sales. People join these schemes, start saving money with jewelers and after 1-2 yrs, they will buy some thing from them. So if X people join the program, all X people will buy something at the end.

R.K. Sharma, executive director from PC Jeweller confirms this – “This scheme is a business building programme. By getting customers involved in this scheme, we ensure future sales. A majority of the times, people purchase a jewellery for a higher price than the amount invested. It is a sure shot business opportunity through which we seal our future sales.” – source

Some of the gold schemes in market

  • Gold Harvest from Tanishq
  • Jewels for Less from PC Jewelers
  • Shagun from Gitanjali
  • Kalpvruksha from Tribhuvandas Bhimji Zaveri
  • Gold Tree from GRT Jewelers
  • Jos Alukkas Gold Saving Scheme
  • Kothari gold deposit scheme
  • Gold Schemes – Bhima Gold

When you should join these Gold Saving Schemes ?

So given these fine points, there are few advantages to these gold investing schemes and there are conditions when you might want to invest in those.  The first thing is that, a lot of investors who do not understand what are other kind of options for investment in gold like Gold ETF, e-Gold etc which are popular ways to buy gold online these days. Because of not having full information, investors get inclined to these schemes and invest on the name of “Gold”.  However good part of these schemes is that, because of these gold schemes, they atleast develop the habit of regularly investing some money, which they would not have done otherwise. So these schemes can be your monthly gold investing plan in a way.  These investors will not invest in gold ETF and simple recurring deposits anyways, so its better that they atleast invest in these gold investments schemes by jewelers atleast. So these schemes are good from that point of view.

Another reason when you can look at these schemes is when you have a marriage or function due in next 1-2 yrs and you might want to systematically invest some fixed money for the purpose of buying gold jewellery. Even in that case it makes sense to get into these schemes.

Have you invested in these kind of gold saving schemes online without understanding how it works? What are your comments on these kind of schemes?

10 mind-blowing things “Health” can teach you about “Wealth”

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

While I was working out in gym in morning, I has a strange feeling that I can connect every aspect of ‘staying healthy’ with ‘building wealth’. There are various things which can be used as an analogy to teach good things about ‘creating wealth’ , but the area of health is best as an analogy. I am sure a lot of you who take health seriously and exercise regularly will be able to connect well and appreciate this article, others who do not take care of their health might get the maximum value because they will appreciate both the things (health and wealth points) . Lets see those points .

Health and Wealth india

1. Starting is Easy, Continuing is not

Its very easy to go for a jog/walk  at 6:00 am for 2-3 days. A lot of people decide they will do it, and a lot actually achieve it . But what happens after a week/month ? We discontinue it and life is back at square one and we are just lost in our daily life exactly the same way we were earlier . You break your promise of “I will exercise in morning at 6:00 am” , and it all starts with a very small violation, which takes a big shape. Starting out something is damn easy, but the real question is how long you continue it ! and with what commitment. So don’t tell me you got up at 6:00 am . Tell me how long have you been doing it , that’s the real parameter.

In the same way, its too easy to start reading a new blog, starting your SIP , start writing your budget and even working on your financial life. A lot of people get some adrenaline rush, after I write some good article which makes them feel – “Its high time now. I should do something about my financial life” and they start doing something, but the real parameter to look at it is – “Are you consistently doing it ?” . Is your SIP running from many years, month after month without fail ? Are you writing the budget month after month and following it ? A Rs 5,000 SIP running for 10 yrs would always (well , in most the cases) beat a inconsistent SIP of Rs 12,000 . A consistent written and followed budget which was not that detailed, will be much better than a inconsistent budget which was very detailed. A simple strategy followed for years with consistency will just be better than a complex one which is not followed regularly.

2. Focus has to be on Long Term

Imagine you a trainer in gym and someone recently joined with 90kg weight, and complains to you that – “It has been 1 week, and my weight is still the same !” . What will be your reaction to that ?

You need to give sufficient time and patience to see results. You need to understand how things work in health and only when you understand the internal working , you will have faith in exercising , only then you will continue it. Over 6 months, you will see some results , over 1 yrs you will see good change, over 2-3 yrs , you will be a transformed person all together. Short term is just short term ,you can only build some artificial muscle in such a short time. But if you need some serious health, it can come in long term only.

In the same way, wealth can not be created in short term (I am talking about investments here) . Wealth multiples itself over long term and if you want to build 1 crore rupees in 3 yrs with your Rs 50,000 per month salary (god knows what is left at the end of the month) , you are probably from Venus , not Earth for sure. Just like long journey starts with a small step, you need to start your wealth journey with small steps and then built upon it . You need to understand some of the fundamental principles of personal finance (which I have shown in my book – “16 personal finance principles every investor should know“) . Unless you understand them, you will always doubt short term volatility in your portfolio, you will just get too much attached with security aspect of your money and will not allow your wealth to grow.

3. Diversification is Important

Imagine you are only and only working on your left hand when you exercise . Try to visualize it . You are concentrating only on your left hand and how to make it strong. What will happen in next 2-3 months ? I am sure you will not even last that long, but even if you do , your left hand will surely look artificial on your body and ache like anything because you just never cared about other parts of your body and other aspects of your health. A good health is function of good diet, good sleep , good exercise and your life style. Imagine you work out brilliantly , but then, all you eat is junk like Mc’D , KFC , Pizza’a , maggi etc etc ..  Or imagine your diet is excellent , but you do not work out at all and sleep at 3 am and wake up at 11 am daily. This all is going to reflect in your health and you are not giving 100% to your health. You cant expect a lot !

In the same way, when it comes to wealth, you just cant be sitting on only and only Fixed Deposits or only and only ETF’s, or just 100% into real estate fully (unless you are a pro and understand what you are doing). You have to make sure you keep a balance and understand each component’s importance in your financial life. A good mix of real estate, equity, debt , cash , gold is desirable for most of the people (for a common man) . While Debt part will give you security and some peace of mind, real estate will make sure you do not feel left out in the race, the equity part makes sure, you are earning some real return at the end after tax and inflation, gold will keep you wife happy and cash will bring smile on your face and tears in your relationship managers face. The point is – don’t  over-invest in one category without understanding its impact and accepting the outcome. Always keep balance and harmony among each other depending on your age and risk profile.

4. To get best quality, you need to invest your time/money/energy

I recently invested a huge annual fees in a well known gym. We get best equipment’s, best environment, best facility, dietitian to look after what we are eating and a good tracking of where we are in our health chart, regular track of our weight, measures and it helps me and my wife move in the direction we want to reach. You need to invest money to get the best most of the times. Apart from the money, you need to put a lot of times and energy from your side. This brings good health over long term. While you can also just go to a park in morning or jog on a road, you still need to invest your time and energy. You need to invest in good shoes, a comfortable work out dress. The point I want to convey is – while you can always look out for free things in life, which works , at-times you need to invest your money, time and energy to get the best. Do not look for money when it comes to your health, you can earn 10x times more if you have a better health.

Just like that, I see a lot of investors destroying their financial life, because they just do not want to invest money, time or energy in their financial life. You can get best, if you are open to invest money, time and effort from your side. The good things do not come cheap always. Hire a good advisor/planner who you think will be able to deliver what you want out of him. Invest in good programs, good books , invest your time to learn things, go to that extra mile to understand concepts and how things work. We have around 550 articles at this moment on this blog and 6,000 questions answered on our Q&A forum, ask yourself how much energy and time have you dedicated to learn things and find out new ideas. We have written 3 books, which we feel can really transform your financial life, all it takes is Rs 1,000 to buy them. Go ahead and just read all of them and you will at a new level. I recently paid Rs 3000 to attend a TIE session in Pune, just to hear Naranyan Murthy (for 1 hour) and Devdutt Patnaik (for 30 min) . What I got back was tons of their experience and whole new ideas which made my Rs 3,000 a tiny thing. Good things always comes when you make an investment , you just have to focus on value.

5. It keeps you energetic

When you exercise in gym or at park near by or at home, there is a point where you feel – “I cant do more exercise, Its paining now” . At that point if you stop, you do not get the best results. The best results are always on the other side of your comfort zone – Always in every area of your life. When you feel exhausted, gave your 100% , when you are wet with sweat, your whole day goes amazing. The kind of energy and excitement you feel inside you is awesome. You are more happier, you smile more, you are more kind and you feel more energetic, ideas inside your head are better. Just one activity leads to a great day. And when you do it every day, then each week and each month is great.

Just like you feel energetic when everything in your health area is good, you feel really blessed and good when thing are right in your financial life. When you have completed all your pending tasks in financial life (Join our massive action revolution called 100moneyactions), when you have achieved a sufficient milestone in accumulating wealth, when you have some respectable bank balance, when you have good emergency fund in place, term plan and health insurance already taken and completed. The kind of energy and excitement you have in your financial life is different . You look at your financial life and feel better. You can concentrate on other areas of your life.

6. Structure and Environment increases your dedication and consistency

Good health comes when you are into a nice structure and environment, which fuels your appetite to exercise and improve your health. You will not feel like working out when you are inside your office space, you will not feel like exercising when you are into a movie theater.  But when you are inside a gym or a park in morning, you suddenly ‘feel’ from inside that you want to exercise. Thats the power of Environment. Just see anyone who has amazing health, its because they are part of some great environment and structure, it can be as simple as getting at 6:00 am and going for a walk. That’s also an environment.

In the same way, a proper environment helps a lot when you want to improve your financial life. When we did a 1 day full workshop in Mumbai recently, It was all about creating an environment, where you 100% focus on your financial life and discussing ideas which can take your financial life to next level. This blog is an environment, our 100moneyactions is a dedicated environment for taking actions in your financial life .  I want you to look at the following video which will help you understand more about power of environment and structure in your financial life.

7. Starting early helps

While its never too late, its always a good idea to start early in life. Imagine two cases, one where you have had a healthy life all your life, and then second case is when you are extremely unhealthy till now and now trying to have a health life at 45 yrs ! . Most of the people around 40-50-60 yrs old today are facing so much issue getting a health plan and also dealing with life overall. They have medical issues and its affecting everything in their life, even people who are connected with them.

Imagine if they had taken care of their health long back, it would be a different situation today. If you are not joining the gym right now, just because it costs money or you have less time, you get very clear that you will pay both of them later with huge interest. In Nandish Book – “11 principles to achieve financial freedom”, In one of the chapters, he has put a quote by Dalai Lama , when asked what surprised him most about humanity ..

“Man. Because he sacrifices his health in order to make money. Then he sacrifices money to recuperate his health. And then he is so anxious about the future that he does not enjoy the present; the result being that he does not live in the present or the future; he lives as if he is never going to die, and then dies having never really lived.”

The same applies to your wealth and financial life. The mistakes you make today, will come back to you later and hit you hard very much. I cant say more on this, but just say you this – A lot of people are not able to lead their financial life properly when they are earning right now. Imagine what they are going to do when they will not earn and still be living on this planet for 30-40 more years. I am talking about retirement. You work for 30 yrs and earn, and you struggle a lot. Imagine retirement of another 30-40 yrs, when you are not earning. Its a life sentence followed by death if you do not start earning and do something about your financial life. A good start will always give a great support to your financial life. Here is an article showing you the power of starting early

8. Neglected, because it does affect you in short term

This is my favorite. This I think this is one of the biggest reasons for a bad health life and a bad financial life. A single action if not taken does not affect our health or wealth at that moment, but collectively they destroy our health and wealth in long term.

Coming to Health, When you eat a sweet (I used to eat a lot of them, when I worked in Yahoo) , skip your meal, skip your gym/exercise , that single act is not going to affect you at all (it looks like that) . You cant see its impact on your health in a long run. Each Pizza you put down your stomach instantly gives you taste, but instantly it does not give you a shock. You only see it months and years later. When you put on weight, you suddenly one day realize – that you have put on weight, it does not appear in parts. Suddenly one day you feel , your are too weak or do not feel energy in your body. It all starts small.

In the same way, I see a lot of messed up financial life which all started with one small mistake and then just grews SLOWLY ! . Every time you swipe your credit card, you feel like you will deal with the debt somehow, how troubling can one credit card swipe (which was really not needed) be anyways ! and then you create history !

Each month, when you blow up your money and do not save a single rupee, it does NOT affect you at that very moment. Every time you stop you SIP for something which is URGENT, it does not mess your financial life at that very moment. But all these things combined are just destroying your financial life. Each time you postpone taking some action in your financial life, it just messed up your financial life even more. So nothing hurts in short term, because its not visible – and its true in all the area like health, wealth, relationships, career or whatever it is ! . Stop looking for instant gratification, and suddenly you will have the half battle won !

9. There are shortcuts offered

You must be seeing a lot of shortcuts offered in the area of Health on TV and Newspapers. Some magic belt which will eat off all the fat, some majestic coffee, which has divine properties and can reduce your fat, health clubs offering packages which promise you things like – “Reduce 20 kg’s in 2 weeks” .. etc. A lot of people take these shorts cuts and end up paying huge costs, Money is lost, time is lost, health takes a hit and your trust reduces on anyone who comes to offer you any advice in future.

The same thing happens in the area of wealth too. We often get a lot of paid clients, who had a bitter taste with some other financial advisor in past, who sold them junk or didn’t provide any thing valuable to them even when they charged them good amount of advisory fees.

There are too many people offering you free advice, some good and some bad, there are too many short cuts which are offered to you and even you as investors are keen on taking short routes to build wealth, but eventually end up paying huge cost. There is no alternative of doing your homework and really spending your time and effort in building your financial life.

10. You act on it when you feel a sense of Urgency

Its a strange thing, but most of the people start to take any action in the area of health, when they see there is some ‘problem’ . When its URGENT to do something, when its too late and now its a matter of Do or Die. Didn’t those people who are very obese, knew from many years that some thing needs to be done ? Are you not aware right now, that you need to improve your health ? Yes you are , but you will take action only when you have a sense of urgency in that area, then you will suddenly have time, money and that effort required, which you do not have at the moment (this is what you believe).

The area of money is same. You do not work on it, until there is no option left. Most of the people who come to us for financial life come at the last moment. We always tell them, if only they would have come lot earlier, we could have served them in a better way. You go to a paid workshops, only when you are very sure now you need an external help, you go finding a solution, not to learn and explore new ideas . You are too needy in your financial life then and remember one thing – “Needy people do not have power in life”

I would suggest that you get my latest book – “How to be your own Financial Planner in 10 steps” and start planning your financial life in a better way. So do things not when they are urgent, but when you should do it. Dont take health insurance when you have a illness, you will not get it. Take it when you are in the best of your health. Don’t start SIP in mutual funds, when you can see your goals has almost arrived, do it when its very far and you have good time left for your money to work hard.

Wish you best of luck !

I hope you got some realization today, do let me know which area of your life did you get realization on ? Wealth or Health ! .. or BOTH !

Top up & Super Top up Health Insurance Covers – How they work ?

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

What do you do when you want to take a very high health insurance cover like 20 lacs? Is the only option a regular health insurance plan? In this case, you can use top up health insurance plans, which are one of the best ways to enhance your health cover after a certain threshold? In this article lets understand how top up and super top up health plans work and how they benefit you. So we will understand both “top up health insurance” and “Super top up health insurance” in this article, but let’s understand first what the meaning of “Top up” is, in general.

What is the meaning of “Top Up” Cover ?

A top up cover actually covers you after a “threshold limit” is already exhausted or used. To give you an example lets say you have a top up health cover of Rs 10 lacs sum assured with the threshold limit of Rs 5 lacs, in which case the policy will only cover your expenses beyond Rs 5 lacs only. If your claim amount is Rs 8 lacs, then it will only pay you Rs 3 lacs (8 – 5), and NOT Rs 8 lacs total. That’s the main difference between a regular health cover policy and a top up cover.

So now if you already have a health insurance cover of Rs 5 lacs sum assured, then you can take a top up cover up to Rs 10 lacs with threshold limit of Rs 5 lacs, that way you will be covered up to 10 lacs. The first policy will cover you up to Rs 5 lacs, and the top up cover will cover you for the 5-10 lacs range. You can understand that more clearly with following image.

Suppose you have following 2 policies.

  • Policy A –  Regular Health Insurance Plan with Rs 5 lacs sum assured.
  • Policy B –  Top up cover of Rs 10 lacs with threshold limit of Rs 5 lacs.

top up health insurance plan

Now let’s take this same example and try to understand how Policy A (Regular Health Insurance) and Policy B (Top up health insurance) will pay you in 3 different scenarios, just to make sure you fully understand how top up health insurance policies work.

Scenario 1 – Claim of Rs 3 lacs

In this case, the first policy will cover you for full Rs 3 lacs, as your policy itself is for up to Rs 5 lacs.

Scenario 2 – Claim of Rs 8 lacs

In this example, the first plan A, will cover you up to Rs 5 lacs, but if your hospitalization expenses go to say Rs 8 lacs, then the first policy will only pay Rs 5 lacs, but the second policy (B) will cover you for the rest of  the Rs 3 lacs, which is above the threshold of Rs 5 lacs.

Scenario 3 – Claim of Rs 12 lacs

In this case, first policy A will pay you Rs 5 lacs, and the second policy B, will pay you next 5 lacs only, because you have taken a top up cover of up to Rs 10 lacs only. So the Rs 2 lacs extra, you will have to pay from your own pocket.

What is Super Top up Cover ?

Just like a top-up cover, there is something called as Super Top-Up cover, with a very small difference. A top-up cover will pay you only if your claim amount (bill for a single hospitalization) is above the threshold. Like, in our example above, the top up cover will help you only when your bill is above Rs 5 lacs each time, only then it will come into picture, like in the case of the Rs 8 lacs bill, then the top up cover will pay you an additional Rs 3 lacs. But if you have two bills of Rs 4 lacs each, then the normal Top up cover will not help because no single bill amount is above the threshold limit of Rs 5 lacs.

That’s where Super top up plans come into picture, which takes into consideration the TOTAL of the bills in a year and not just the single instance. So in case of two bills of Rs 4 lacs each, your total bill is Rs 8 lacs (above threshold limit of Rs 5 lacs), then Super top up cover will pay you, where a Top up cover will not.

Let me clear that with a more detailed example by using the chart below

difference between top-up and super top-up health insurance cover

Companies Offering Top up and Super top up plans in India

Companies offering Top up

  • Apollo Munich OptimaPlus
  • Bajaj Allianz Extra Care
  • Bharti Axa High Deductible Health Insurance
  • ICICI Lombard Healthcare Plus
  • Star Health Super Surplus
  • United India Top up Health Insurance

Companies offering Super Top up 

  • United India
  • HDFC Ergo Health Suraksha (offering to bank and credit customers, currently)

Let me give you a comparison chart of the current Top up health insurance plans in India at the moment. Not many Super top up plans, so they are not in the chart while comparing.

top up health insurance policies comparision

Super Top up Cover for Employees having group cover from Employer

A lot of salaried employees already have a group cover from their employer and they feel that they should not waste their money in a separate health insurance policy (which is not quite a right way of thinking, and you can read this article to know why I say that.) A top up cover is a very useful way for those employees to extend their cover beyond a point.

Lets say you already have a 5 lacs cover from your employer, but you feel that it’s insufficient and you wanted to have a cover up to Rs 10 lacs. Now, one way of doing it is to take a separate cover of Rs 10 lacs, but you can take a top up cover of up to Rs 10 lacs with threshold of Rs 5 lacs (as you are already covered from your employer up to 5 lacs). This way you will be covered up to 10 lacs. But understand that in that case you will have to claim your expenses multiple times.

Additional Health Insurance cover or Top up cover – Comparison

Just give me pointers, I will write about it, or just send me an example where we are comparing a 10 lac cover with A 5 Lac cover + top of 5 lacs

When does a top cover policy makes sense – Hear from experts

So is topup or super top up cover the best option to upgrade your health insurance coverage ? No !. Here is what Mahavir Chopra, a health insurance expert suggests –

Most Insurance advisers recommend a top-up plan to upgrade your coverage. In terms of convenience of purchase and claims, we would recommend upgrade of the same health insurance policy, as the best option. This is of-course, provided you are happy with the policy terms and services.

The second best option would be to compare available options of Super Top-up with option of Additional Mediclaim Policy. If the premium is more or less the same, we would recommend additional policy more than a Super Top-up.

After all the above options, look for the option of a simple top-up to increase your cover. Be sure you are aware of the fact, that this option is more useful in the very long term (6-10 years), since it will trigger only when your one claim goes above the threshold/deductible mentioned in the policy.

Features of Top up Health Insurance Plans

Let me tell some more points and features about the top up plans so that you are more clear about it and if its useful for you or not

1. Cheaper than regular health insurance plans – You have already seen that they are cheaper than the regular health insurance plans because they cover you only beyond a threshold, the probability of which happening is very less.

2. You can buy it from anywhere – You can buy a top-up cover from any company, there is no compulsion that you need to have another cover from same company. In-fact there is no requirement that you should have another health cover at all. You can just take a top up cover even if you do not have any other health insurance product.

3. Available with the option of individual and Family Floater Cover – A top up cover is available as individual cover and also as a family floater. So you can extend the cover for your entire family. Just that some policies might consider parents into family floater and others might not.

4. Concept of Pre-existing illnesses and Exclusions – Just like a normal health cover policy, even a top up cover can impose the restrictions on the pre-existing illnesses and exclude the diseases which they feel they do not want to cover. Also some top up covers might not cover pre and post hospitalization expenses. Some policies like Bajaj Allianz Extra Care provides continuity for already existing main policies. For instance, if you have a policy for 10 years with say New India Assurance, and you are buying a Top up from Bajaj Allianz, you will get continuity for the 10 years on the top-up and hence the waiting periods will not apply to you.

5. Tax benefits under Section 80D – You can get the tax benefit under sec 80D for the top up cover policies

6. Cashless facility would be difficult – I am not sure on this one, please guide! You need to follow the same cashless procedure, when your hospital bill exceeds the sum insured of main policy. If you are aware in advance about the high hospital bill, ensure you intimate at the time of admission itself.

Are you looking for extending your health insurance cover using a top up or a super topup cover ?

Are Bank Lockers totally Safe & is Fixed Deposit really required to get one ?

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Today we are going to talk about “Bank Lockers” and how banks use unfair tactics by forcing customers to open a fixed deposit for a very large amount and that too for a long duration. It’s not uncommon to hear bank officials asking for fixed deposits of Rs 5-10 lacs in case you want to get a locker. That is just not allowed as per RBI and we will see what exactly the RBI guidelines say about it.

Bank Lockers in India

What is a Bank Locker and How does it work ?

Just like we have a saving bank account and fixed deposits to keep our money safely, we have “Safe Bank Lockers” to store our physical belongings like jewelry and various kind of important documents like WILL, Property Papers and other valuable items which you feel should not be kept at home.

There are always 2 keys for the locker, one key is with Bank and the other with the locker holder. The locker can only be opened when both the keys are used at the same time. Generally bank official applies the key and then leaves the locker room and only after he/she leaves, you should open the locker door and do what you wanted to do. The banks use very high quality, strong lockers (generally Godrej). So overall, this all makes sure that your locker is very safe.

Lockers are to be allotted on first come, first serve basis (as per rules) and in-case the lockers are exhausted, the bank is suppose to keep a waiting list of customers who have applied for the lockers and have to inform them when the lockers are free in the same order of application. If bank says that they do not have any lockers left at the moment, you can ask them for the “Waiting Register.”

Annual Rent for Bank Lockers and Security Fixed Deposit

Bank lockers come in different shape and sizes, which can be taken by customers depending on their requirement. For using the facility of lockers, you have to pay an annual rent which will vary depending on the size of the locker, the city (metro, urban, or rural). For most banks, the locker rent starts from Rs 750-1,000 per year and can go up to 5,000-10,000 for PSU banks and even 40,000-50,000 in case of Private banks (see the locker rates for bank for Baroda here) .

Is opening a Fixed Deposit mandatory for getting a Locker ?

Now lets discuss the biggest pain point of customers. Almost all of you might have faced this. When you go to open a bank locker, you are asked to open a Fixed Deposit for a large sum like 2-5 lacs for a long duration or asked to buy some policy (ULIP or Traditional Plan) saying that this is the rule for assigning the locker. However it’s just a plain lie and an unfair practice followed by Banks. A common man has no idea if the bank is correct or not and where to get the right information? So, I looked at RBI regulations on Banking and found out the exact rules.

And this is what I found – YES ! , Banks can ask for Fixed Deposits as security !

But, here is the catch ! .

As per RBI regulations, the bank can ask for a fixed deposit only to cover 3 yrs of locker rent and the breaking charges, not a rupee more than that and that too only from the new locker applicants, not old one’s already having a locker. Here is the RBI wordings from their notification

1.2 Fixed Deposit as Security for Lockers

Banks may face situations where the locker-hirer neither operates the locker nor pays rent. To ensure prompt payment of locker rent, banks may at the time of allotment, obtain a Fixed Deposit which would cover 3 years rent and the charges for breaking open the locker in case of an eventuality. However, banks should not insist on such Fixed Deposit from the existing locker-hirers.

To give you the proof one of the PSU banks – Bank of Baroda clearly mentions this fact on its website here

At the time of hiring the locker, bank will obtain a minimum-security deposit in the form of FDR from the lessee for the amount which would cover 3 years rent and the charges for breaking open the locker in case of such eventualities.

So, suppose you want to get a locker whose yearly rent is Rs 1,200 and the breaking charges for locker is say, Rs 100, then they can only insist on a Fixed deposit of Rs 3,700 (3 years rent + breaking charges); nothing more than that. Ergo, 3 years locker rent is going to be a very small amount, which almost anyone can afford, but banks lie to you and trick you by telling you to invest in a really large Fixed Deposit .You oblige for your own reasons. Banks do it to make sure they reach their monthly and yearly targets of acquiring new fixed deposits and selling useless policies like ULIPs and traditional plans (Note that banks are one of the channels for many companies to sell their products)

So next time you go to the bank for enquiring about lockers and bank officials don’t give you proper information, you can tell them about the rules and the notification from RBI. That should give some shock to the employees there and they might treat you a bit fairly. If still they do not budge, use the threat of RTI and banking ombudsman (and then actually use it)

Use RTI to resolve the Issue and Find Information

RTI is a powerful tool for a common man. We will see now, how you can use RTI against PSU banks. Next time when you go to a bank (I am referring to PSU banks here), tell them you want to have a locker (assuming you are having a saving bank account there already) .

When the bank staff tells you that they do not have any lockers available at the moment or try to impose some rules, you can tell them that you will find out things by filing an RTI application to the branch manager and also would quote his name in the RTI (stare on his name plate at the desk , he/she might be in horror). If they do not budge, then really go file a RTI after the incident. I would say better file a RTI before and once you get the reply from RTI, reach the bank with RTI reply letter itself.

When you file RTI letter, ask following things

  • How many lockers are installed in the branch ?
  • What is the size and volume of lockers and how many types ?
  • Rental amount per year for the Lockers ?
  • How many lockers are Unoccupied and available for allotment
  • How many people have requested for it and are on “waiting list” ?
  • What is your serial number in that waiting list (in-case you have applied for it) ?
  • Is there any requirement to make a Fixed Deposit for getting the Locker (YES/NO) ?
  • What is the amount of fixed deposit to be opened and what are the rules for it ?
  • In how many days a bank locker is allotted ?
  • Who is responsible to allot the bank locker in bank ? What is the name of the officer or designation ?

A weak person is always exploited in society, that’s the nature of life . When you appear as uninformed and too needy, anyone can take advantage of you, but when you appear as informed investor, who will not allow anyone to take advantage of his/her and who appears to be committed to be treated fairly, its tough for the other side to exploit then. Here is an instance on how Nikhil got the Locker facility with any FD at ING Vyasa Bank

I experienced a similar forced selling sometime back at ING bank. I wanted a locker and the Relationship manager said I need to make an FD of Rs. 100000/-. when I said NO. they said its a rule. I said there is no Rule book which mentions this. Rules are same for all banks and branches. the Relationship Manager stubbornly said ‘This is the rule of this branch’.

I just went to their website, found the no. of Chief compliance officer and spoke to the officer who helped me on this. After 2 hrs, I got a call from the same Branch of ING and they requested me to come to the branch and gave me a locker without any kind of FD!

Locker with Joint Accounts and Nomination

Just like saving bank accounts and fixed deposits, you can open a locker as joint account and with nomination facility, so that in case the demise or unavailability of the main locker holder, the joint holder can access the locker and operate it. Also in case the locker holders die (both joint holders), at-least there would be a nominee, who can get access to the locker by producing death certificate and filing up claim form.

There are tons of cases where locker was just owned by a single holder and when he died ,the family had to move mountains to finally get access to the locker. Worst, many families are not even aware about the existence of the locker and banks don’t take much interest in tracing down the locker family for many years (provided they have got the rent or have the fixed deposit linked to it).

understanding bank lockers

Can bank open the Locker without your permission ?

In the worst case YES ! You need to operate your locker from time to time (at least 6 months to an year ideally.) Recently there have been cases when explosives and illegal things were found in lockers, which shows how lockers can be misused. When you are allotted a locker, there is proper KYC done by bank to make sure they know everything about you. They would place you in particular risk category like low, medium or high. If you are a high risk category person, you need to operate your locker at least once a year to make sure everything is fine. If you fail to operate your account for very long (depending on your risk profile), the bank will first remind you about the  locker and will ask you reasons for not operating your locker. If you still do not take actions, the bank has all the rights to break your locker and give it to some one else, even if you are paying the yearly rent on time.

In case there is a genuine reason for not operating your locker for a very long time, you need to give it in writing to the bank mentioning the reason (like if you are now an NRI or if you are out of the city for a long time.) Also, if you fail to pay the yearly rent, they can break off the locker and re-allot it to someone else. Fair enough 🙂

Are bank lockers really safe ? Who is responsible if something goes wrong ?

Now this can be news to many, and a shocker, but in truth, Banks are not responsible for your bank lockers for any unforeseen events which is beyond the control of banks, provided they have done every due diligence from their side to protect it. You have to understand what exactly a locker facility is. The bank just gives out the space they have, on rent and make sure that its safe and secured professionally. They are suppose to make sure they have all the safety and security measures in place, to ensure that the lockers are safe and secure. So its more of a proprietor and a tenant relationship. In case there is a robbery (not in control of bank), Earthquake, Tsunami, Fire (which is not in control of bank) then bank is NOT responsible, or liable to compensate you.

Let me give you an example – If there is a robbery in the bank and your locker is one of the unlucky ones to get robbed, you lose it completely and the bank is not liable to compensate you for the reason that it wasn’t in their control to stop it, especially when they have all the security measures in place like a security guard, powerful lockers, CCTV cameras installed, and emergency alarms in place. The act of robbery is more of a unlucky event for them and you.  (However there are some policies in market which insures the jewelery in your bank locker like this policy from Axis Bank). If you think that robberies in bank (with locker looted) do not happen in reality, I must tell you that it happens and has happened in past. Here is one such example.

Robbers recently broke into the strong room of a Punjab and Sind Bank branch in Jalandhar and emptied out 36 lockers in an incident that stands out as a grim reminder of the abysmally poor security infrastructure at financial facilities in the country. The incident is a reminder of a burglary at the Chirgaon branch of the Central Bank of India in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. As many as 45 lockers had been robbed in the November 2010 episode.  (Link)

 

When you put your valuables in bank locker, the bank does not know what did you put in there, there is no record of it in writing with bank. That’s one reason, they can’t compensate you in case something happens to it (It could happen that you never had anything in locker and you can suddenly say that jewellery worth 10 lacs is missing! What’s the proof ?) However it does not entirely mean that banks are not liable to pay back or compensate the locker holders in every case!

Bank has to make sure they have done their side of safety measures and security

Bank is not responsible for your lockers only in case of those events which are totally not in control of bank and unavoidable, but only when they have done their share of work and security like I explained above. If banks fail to do their duty and then a robbery or some unforeseen event occurs, which results in your loss, then a customer can always claim that the bank is liable to compensate, because then the incident might have not happened or could have been avoided if banks did their part.

In another case, of Bank of India vs Kanak Choudhary, the customer had kept currency notes in locker which was eaten up by termites. Here the bank didn’t do their job of ensuring that the place is clean and safe. The customer was awarded the compensation.

Bank of India vs Kanak Choudhary

Here, the customer filed a case stating that termites had destroyed currency notes and important papers kept in her locker. The commission said that the bank “was bound to ensure that the respondents’ locker remained safe in all respects”, and awarded compensation to the customer.

Even in the robbery case shown above, the bank was found to be irresponsible and didn’t not do a lot of security measures, and definitively there was a chance of the robbery being unsuccessful if only bank had done their share of work, which means the locker holders would get compensation from bank, but then issue now is, how much compensation bank has to give and why when ? The matter would have gone to court and delays and frustration must have happened in that case.

But how much you can claim back from Bank ?

Not 100%, because you can never define how much you lost with 100% certainty. Banks themselves insure the lockers to deal with the loss in an extreme eventuality, so bank themselves get some compensation from wherever they have insured the lockers. So you can get some compensation from bank out the amount they themselves get, but to get back the compensation, you will have to show the receipts of the things which you claim was kept in the locker. Even in that case, you will not get 100% back, it will be some percentage, which can’t be defined. Also you can’t get back any compensation for the documents kept (as you cant define it’s value) and the currency notes if any.  You can look at the youtube video above to see these points on claims you can get back.

While the risk is always there with bank lockers, note that this is an extreme eventuality. This information should be seen more of an awareness point, rather than a decision making criteria to choose or discard taking a bank locker. You don’t stop driving a car, just because there is a small chance of accident, right? In the same way, just because lockers are not 100% secured, does not mean you say that – “I will not go with bank lockers, because its not 100% safe.” Truly speaking it’s much safer than you bank almirah at least.

Some safety measures you should take for Bank Locker

You can never get rid of the complete risk, but you can ensure that you follow some best practices and common sense tips to make sure your bank locker is safe. Here are some good practice.

  • Always open your locker after the bank employee who accompanies you to the vault leaves the place.
  • Make sure your bank has all the necessary security measures, such as alarm system, iron-gated rooms, electronic surveillance via CCTV, etc.
  • Visit your locker frequently and ensure your valuables are safe. The RBI and banks expect frequent locker visits from customers.
  • Also, ensure the locker is properly locked before you leave the vault.
  • If possible, better have 2 lockers to diversify the risk (like one locker for valuables, and another for Documents)
  • If possible, always go with the bank where you have huge trust and comfort and its near your place, so that you can visit them often
  • Keep laminated documents in the locker, so that they are not damaged if you keep them for a very long tenure.
  • Always keep a record of what all you have in locker, so that in-case of eventuality, you can alteast find out what was lost and what was the worth
  • Demand a copy of the hire-purchase agreement for the locker so that the bank cannot ask for a higher rent in future
  • If a bank says the locker request is in the waiting list, ask for the waiting number
  • Demand a copy of the bank’s internal guidelines regarding lockers (their guidelines never mention fixed deposit as a mandatory condition)

I hope this articles has helped you understand almost everything about the bank lockers and how they work and different rules and regulations. Do you also have a bank locker ? Generally what all you keep their and how much do you trust your bank for the locker safety ?

Launching 100moneyactions.com – Personal Finance Action Revolution BEGINS Today

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Guys – It has been 5 years now spreading personal finance education through writing blog articles, writing books on personal finance, leading workshop in different cities. We started very small and have reached so far only because of your trust and partnership. Every day we (I and Nandish) wake-up with one thought in our mind “How can we help people to live an awesome financial life?”


 
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It’s time to look at what is exactly happening in your financial life?

I’ve always been fascinated by Socrates’ bold statement that “The unexamined life is not worth living.” The statement holds a lot of value and meaning in it, it has acted like a wake-up call to me. I examine my financial life every year very closely and my personal finance actions.I want you also to examine your financial life and your actions. Look at what is going on in your financial life, How many articles you marked as important but you never found time to read them, How many personal finance actions you have been procrastinating, how many times you told yourself it’s high time I need to get serious as an investor. Get honest with yourself as that is the first requirement to be a part of personal finance action revolution.

You are committed but then why you are not able to take actions?

It is not that you are not committed but as life is dynamic you are always surrounded by multiple responsibilities in life. You play different roles in life and one of the role you play is of an investor. One of the thing we have found to be missing is a STRUCTURE. Yes, to move from point A to Point B you need a structure without that you will not be able to become effective. We have created a wonderful personal finance structure for you that will help you, motivate you and empower you to take actions in your financial life. It will not help you to complete 10, 20 or 50 actions but it will help you to complete 100 money actions in your financial life.

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A lot of people think they need to have a lot of knowledge to take actions in their financial life. Because of this they start to expand their knowledge domain, they start subscribing on different websites and blogs, start to buy different books but eventually due to lack of structure they are not able to take required actions in their financial life. 100 money actions program is about getting things done, it is about expanding your action domain and it is about breaking your habit of procrastination.

What Existing Users are Saying about 100moneyactions.com

100MoneyActions is a real boon for people like me who are charged up and convinced to improve their financial life and take it to next level. Thanks to Jagoinvestor’s prolific pioneers Manish Chauhan and Nandish Desai for launching such a beautiful concept that is filled of actions. I have started recently with this program and I can sense the positivity that it has started to bring in, in my financial life. 100MoneyActions provides an excellent structure that is built on top of one critical thing “ACTION” and not just actions but “CORRECT POWERFUL ACTIONS”.

I believe that if I take all those 100 actions (believe me it is not as easy as you can read it ) my financial life will move from where it is now towards positivity. I believe that 100MoneyActions will bring in structure and actions that is missing in my financial life. And I wish that it will do the same to many more like me! Big thanks to this concept and all the best to the program/concept. I am sure it will be a great success.

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Pune

 

100 money actions is one of the best thing that has happened to me. This is one program which I am following very religiously over the last 2 weeks. After reading so much on Jagoinvestor blog I used to think that my all fandas related to investment instruments, finance management etc are in place but still I was not sure if I am doing everything right or I am taking enough actions to put the plan on track. This program is helping me in structuring my thoughts, making me aware about the smallest of gaps, consolidating literally everything.

Today I am using the sheets of this program extensively to track the progress of my actions which I am supposed to do within the defined timelines. While your blog and its articles are very informative and in plain English for a layman, this program is a next step to identify, structure and follow the actions which you always want to take. I am so thankful that I came in contact with you guys. Thanks Manish & Nandish. Cheers!

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What it takes to be a part of this ACTION REVOLUTION ?

It takes commitment to be a part of this ACTION Revolution. You will have to trust the structure of this program. If you can make a commitment you will complete all 100 actions you can be a part of this revolution. Anything free has no value so it calls for a small financial commitment to be a part of this program.

Visit 100 money actions website and get more idea on how you can be a part of this personal finance action revolution. From the bottom of our heart we invite you to be a part of this ACTION REVOLUTION. Once you complete these 100 actions in your financial life, your financial life will not be the same and THAT IS OUR PROMISE TO YOU.

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